The city's name likely comes from Hiera, the wife of Telephus, an ancestor of the Pergamene kings. Alternatively, "Hierapolis," meaning "Holy City," may refer to the many temples within its boundaries. The most prominent of these was the Temple of Apollo, built along an active fault line, symbolizing the link between divine forces and nature.
In 133 BC, after the death of Attalus III, the last Pergamene king, Hierapolis became part of the Roman Empire. Under Roman rule, the city thrived as a center of arts, philosophy, and trade. The Romans enhanced the city's infrastructure, adding grand theaters, baths, and public buildings that reflected their architectural skill.
During the Byzantine era, Hierapolis evolved into a key Christian site, with the Apostle Philip believed to have been martyred there. A martyrium was built in his honor, cementing the city's role as a pilgrimage destination.
After a series of destructive earthquakes in the 14th century, the city was eventually abandoned. Today, its ruins, including a well-preserved theater, necropolis, and Pamukkale’s famous travertine terraces, continue to attract tourists and scholars, offering a glimpse into its storied past.
Hierapolis: A Sacred City of Ancient Greece and Rome
