Hierapolis: A Sacred City of Ancient Greece and Rome

Hierapolis, an ancient city, was established as a Greek colony in the late 3rd and early 2nd century BC, atop an older settlement on a travertine plateau. It was founded by Eumenes II, king of Pergamon, who chose the location for its natural hot springs, famed for their healing qualities, drawing visitors from afar.

The city's name likely comes from Hiera, the wife of Telephus, an ancestor of the Pergamene kings. Alternatively, "Hierapolis," meaning "Holy City," may refer to the many temples within its boundaries. The most prominent of these was the Temple of Apollo, built along an active fault line, symbolizing the link between divine forces and nature.

In 133 BC, after the death of Attalus III, the last Pergamene king, Hierapolis became part of the Roman Empire. Under Roman rule, the city thrived as a center of arts, philosophy, and trade. The Romans enhanced the city's infrastructure, adding grand theaters, baths, and public buildings that reflected their architectural skill.

During the Byzantine era, Hierapolis evolved into a key Christian site, with the Apostle Philip believed to have been martyred there. A martyrium was built in his honor, cementing the city's role as a pilgrimage destination.

After a series of destructive earthquakes in the 14th century, the city was eventually abandoned. Today, its ruins, including a well-preserved theater, necropolis, and Pamukkale’s famous travertine terraces, continue to attract tourists and scholars, offering a glimpse into its storied past.
Hierapolis: A Sacred City of Ancient Greece and Rome

Ancient city of Hierapolis

Hierapolis was built as a Greek colony at the end of third and beginning of the second century BC over a pre-existing settlement on top- of the summit travertine plateau. It was founded by the king of Pergamon Eumenes II.

It is also believed that the name Hierapolis may derive from Hiera, who was the wife of a legendary ancestor of the kings of Pergamon. However there is also a suggestion that the name of Hierapolis which means Holy City, was chosen for the many temples throughout the city.

Hierapolis passed to the Romans as provided for in the testament of Attalus III.

The city was anciently celebrated as the Bath of Asia and its warm medicinal springs raised it to wealth and distinction.

Religion appears to have flourished greatly at Hierapolis in the early periods of the Christian history.

In 17 AD, a terrible earthquake razed it to the ground but reconstruction soon began under Tiberius.

The town had to be entirely rebuilt after the earthquake of AD 60 and was abandoned after the 1354 event, the two strongest historical shocks.

Hierapolis was renowned in the ancient world as a city filled with temples dedicated to a variety of gods, both central figures within the pantheon as well as local deities.
Ancient city of Hierapolis